Clinical Case Reports for the Evidence-Based Era

Iatrogenic foreign bodies in a patient are usually materials or instruments used during medical procedures, left in body cavities or internal organs. Leaving such iatrogenic foreign bodies can happen during virtually any procedure and in any medical specialty. Most often such cases occur in surgery during abdominal operations. But they can also happen in gynecology, ENT, neurosurgery and even dentistry (such as leaving a fragment of a broken drill in the root canal of a tooth). Such cases pose numerous problems for clinicians, but also for forensic medics. The goal of clinicians is to diagnose the existence of a foreign body in the patient's body and remove it as soon as possible. Forensic medics, when ordered by the Court or the Prosecutor's Office, evaluate the correctness of the medical procedure (the possibility of a medical error) and establish causal relationships between the doctors' actions and the patient's health damage. The case of a young woman is presented, in whom an iatrogenic foreign body was revealed in the abdominal cavity after a cesarean section procedure after 8 months. The purpose of forensic medical analyses was, among other things, to determine the route and time of entry of this foreign body to the site where it was found.

Hamartoma -- a very rare lesion that is a splintering of mature cells of the organogenesis period, abnormally juxtaposed, and in this case displaced within the vulva.

Uterine myomas (myomata uteri) are benign tumors, the most common. They account for about 15% of all tumors of a woman's reproductive organs. Histologically, they are tumors composed of connective tissue elements and smooth muscle fibers (fibromata, myomata, fibromyomata). The present case is special because of the rare type of giant myoma of the uterus.

In terms of the incidence of malignant neoplasms in Poland, gastric cancer is ranked 5th in men and 9th in women. Poland is one of the countries with an average incidence rate, however, nearly 90\% of cases are diagnosed at an advanced stage, which is due, among other things, to the uncharacteristic symptomatology resembling other stomach conditions - peptic ulcer disease or gastritis. In Poland, early gastric cancer is diagnosed in only 4.5-7% of cases. The 5-year survival rate for all stages is about 10-25\%, with a survival rate of nearly 90\% in early cancer. Among the malignancies found in the stomach, 95\% are adenocarcinomas - adenocarcinomas, while the remaining 5% are lymphomas, sarcomas, carcinomas and stromal tumors.