Clinical Case Reports for the Evidence-Based Era

Tongue cancer is the most common oral cancer [1]. Most patients report exposure to known risk factors for cancer development, such as frequent alcohol consumption, smoking, and poor oral hygiene [1, 2]. Unfortunately, due to the tumor's location and patients' failure to appreciate early symptoms, most diagnoses are made in very advanced stages of the disease [2]. We present a case report of a patient with incidentally diagnosed tongue cancer.

<p>Paraganglioma(Latin: paraganglioma) is a rare, mostly benign neuroendocrine tumor originating from the paraventricular bodies of the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems. The 2013 National Cancer Registry did not find any data on the incidence of this tumor in Poland [1]. The histopathological structure and symptoms of the tumor often resemble pheochromocytoma. It can be said that pheochromocytoma is a special type of chaperone tumor. Chaperones originating from the parathyroid bodies of the parasympathetic nervous system are usually located near the large vessels of the head and neck (bifurcation of the common carotid artery-the most common location) [2], while chaperones from the sympathetic nervous system chaperones occur along the sympathetic trunk located adjacent to the vertebral column, abdominal aorta and inferior vena cava [even aortic glomerulus (Zuckerkandel's organ) lying on either side of the aorta, just above its bifurcation-the most common location].</p><p>Parenomas are neoplasms of old age, with peak incidence in the 5th and 6th decades of life. In about 10% of cases, they occur familially, being part of such genetically determined syndromes as [3]:</p><p>- von Hippel-Lindau syndrome</p><p>- multiple endocrine adenocarcinoma syndrome types 2A and 2B</p><p>- Carney syndrome</p><p>Diagnosis of chaperones is not straightforward, as these tumors are rare. In cases where the tumor is hormonally active, there are symptoms associated with high levels of catecholamines in the blood (accelerated heart rate, increased blood pressure, hot flashes, headaches). When a hormonally active tumor is absent, symptoms may result from tumor growth in a specific location (dull pain in the lumbar region). Most often, however, chaperones are diagnosed incidentally in a neck or abdominal and pelvic ultrasound performed for other reasons or as an annual prophylaxis (the tumor diagnosis is then confirmed on CT).</p><p>Tumor fine-needle biopsy is unlikely to be performed due to the rich vascularization of the tumor and the associated risk of bleeding.</p><p>Because of the rarity of chaperones, there are no established diagnostic and therapeutic algorithms.</p><p>Treatment consists of surgical removal of the tumor. In cases where the location of the tumor does not allow surgical removal, radiation therapy is applicable.</p><p></p><p>Rocalization is generally very good. If the tumor is completely removed, the cure is complete.</p>

Patients with pneumothorax constitute a significant percentage of all hospitalizations in general surgery departments. Pneumothorax can be spontaneous, most often caused by pulmonary emphysema, or post-traumatic, primarily resulting from chest wall contusion. A specific type of pneumothorax is the iatrogenic variety, which can generally be classified as post-traumatic.

Due to immunosuppressive therapy, paƟents who underwent organ allotransplantaƟon are more likely to present an unusual clinical manifestaƟon of frequent everyday diseases. We present an uncommon case of Scabies in the renal transplanted recipient.