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131 entries in total
Could taking of the “Nitromint” cause a state of insoberity?
<p></p><p>For many years, experts in the field of forensic toxicology have observed that suspects often try to cast doubt on the results of alcohol tests obtained with breath analyzers<i>.</i> The problem usually relates to cases in which the sobriety test was carried out in an improper manner, e.g. only one measurement was taken, the appropriate intervals between measurements were not observed, or the results have no evidentiary value. Some cases from opinion practice testify that an accumulation of the listed irregularities is also possible.</p><p>In many cases, the phenomenon of the occurrence of so-called "residual" (mouth alcohol) is exploited by suspects or their defense attorneys. This phenomenon was first noted by F.W. Anstie in 1867 [1], while the first study of this effect was conducted and described by E. Bogen in 1927. [2]. Residual (residual) alcohol is alcohol that persists in the mucous membrane of the mouth and upper respiratory tract until about several to several minutes after the end of alcohol consumption [3]. This time depends, among other things, on the amount and concentration of alcoholic beverage that was in the mouth [4]. According to a study by Caddy and colleagues [5], who investigated the effect of lingering alcohol on the results of measuring the concentration of ethanol in exhaled air, lingering alcohol persists in the oral cavity for up to a maximum of 10-19 minutes, depending on, among other things, the type of alcohol consumed. Studies by the aforementioned authors prove that the higher the alcohol concentration was, the longer the duration of the so-called lingering alcohol [5]. On the other hand, a study by Langille and Wigmore showed that among 15 women and 15 men who consumed between 16 and 146 ml of beer with an alcohol content of 5% v/v, only 27% of those subjected to the experiment 5 minutes after consumption were found to have an alcohol concentration exceeding 0.01 g/210 l, or approx. 0.048 mg/l (the maximum concentration was 0.016 g/210 l), while after 10 minutes none of the subjects had alcohol in their breath [6].</p><p>When there is alcohol lingering in the mouth, the results do not reflect the actual concentration of alcohol in the breath. Therefore, it is important to dispel any doubts in such a case by taking at least three measurements of the alcohol content in the exhaled air [7,8].</p><p>Many circumstances influence the occurrence of lingering alcohol. In one study by Langille and Wigmore, the authors list as many as eight factors that can influence the occurrence of the lagging alcohol effect [9]. These are<i>:</i></p><p></p><p>1. Engaging in conversation or keeping the mouth open (vaping);</p><p>2. Taking (or attempting to take) multiple breath alcohol measurements in quick succession (vaping);</p><p>3. Chewing gum, tobacco, eating (increased salivary flow);</p><p>4. Gulping food content or gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD);</p><p>5. Presence of alcohol in exhaled air from the lungs;</p><p>6. Swallowing or gargle (less contact with the mucosa);</p><p>7. Low concentration of alcohol drunk (e.g., beer 5% v/v);</p><p>8. Spray alcohol in asthma preparations or mouthwash (increased evaporation).</p><p></p><p>The aforementioned chewing gum alone can reduce the incidence of the lagging alcohol effect by 85% within 5 minutes of consuming 20% vodka [10]. The problem of the occurrence of the lagging alcohol effect is so important in the practice of toxicology that studies of the effect of dentures and braces on the occurrence of this phenomenon are also performed [11,12].</p><p>The purpose of this paper was to present a case from the opinion practice and to clarify whether the use of <i>Nitromint</i> has an effect on the state of sobriety, and whether taking it twice could have led to a test result on a breathalyzer of 0.26 mg/dl?</p>.
Ramsay Hunt Syndrome type II and meningoencephalitis – complications of Varicella zoster virus
Wirus ospy wietrznej-półpaśca (VZV) jest powszechnie kojarzony z wywoływaniem ospy wietrznej oraz półpaśca. Niestety, może również spowodować szereg komplikacji, włącznie z zajęciem ośrodkowego układu nerwowego.
Breast cancer in contralateral breast found during symmetrisation — case report
Breast asymmetry after oncoplastic or reconstructive surgery has an adverse aesthetic effect and psychological, significantly reducing the quality of life. The contralateral breast symmetry procedure not only makes it possible to achieve a good aesthetic effect; removing part of the parenchyma of the healthy breast reduces the risk of the appearance of an independent, metachronous cancer in it in the future, as well as finding asymptomatic cancer of low grade during histopathological examination of the preparation.
Left thoracoscopic approach to remove tracheal diverticulum and recurrent tracheo-esophageal fistula
Esophageal overgrowth is a rare congenital defect that still poses a challenge to the surgeon. Among the types of overgrowth, the most common is type III, characterized by the presence of an esophageal-tracheal fistula from the lower segment. The procedure involves closing the fistula and then anastomosing the two overgrown sections. In some cases, complications develop, among which the most common are esophageal stricture at the anastomosis site, leakage at the anastomosis site, and recurrence of esophageal-tracheal fistula. Case report: The authors present a description of the diagnosis and treatment of a girl operated on for esophageal overgrowth t. III, who developed a large tracheal diverticulum and recurrence of esophagotracheal fistula. The choice was unusual surgical access through the left pleural cavity using a thoracoscopic technique.
An outline of the problem of rare diseases based on the presentation of case series of patients with Gaucher disease
Rare disease affects less than 1 person/2000 population. To date, 6,000 rare diseases have been detected. Each person is a carrier of 5-10 genes for rare diseases (mostly recessive genes). The rarity of of these diseases usually leads to a delay in making a correct diagnosis, sometimes by many years.
Administration of lipegfilgrastim in primary prophylaxis of febrile neutropenia during dose-dense chemotherapy in a patient with breast cancer — case report
The use of dose-dense or "dense-dose" complementary chemotherapy in early breast cancer has allowed significantly improve the four-year disease-free survival (DFS) rate, especially in a group of patients who are young and have the so-called triple-negative (tripple negave) breast cancer phenotype. This mode of administration of chemotherapy is associated with a significantly higher (about 20%) risk of neutropenic fever (GN). As part of primary prophylaxis, current standards use granulocyte colony-stimulating agents granulocyte colony-stimulating agents, mainly the long-acting form - pegfilgrastim. Recently, a new long-acting G-CSF - lipegfilgrastim.
Erectile dysfunction in somatic diseases
As defined, erectile dysfunction (ED, erectile dysfunction) is the persistent inability to achieve and/or maintain an erection sufficient for satisfactory sexual activity (symptoms must persist for a minimum of three months, unless ED is associated with trauma or surgery surgery). It is estimated that 3 million men in Poland are affected, and in a population with cardiovascular disease (CVD, or Cardiovascular Disease) it affects nearly 80% of patients.
The complex allotransplantation of a neck structures
To present, based on our own experience, a comprehensive transplantation of neck organs (including the larynx, trachea, pharynx, esophagus, thyroid gland with parathyroid glands, muscular structures and the skin covering of the anterior neck wall) using microsurgery techniques for optimal results.
Lesonss learned from Face Transplantation in Female and Male Patient
A new era in reconstructive transplantation, has introduced vascularized allogeneic composite grafts, such as the human face, hand, larynx and abdominal wall. Currently, 38 face transplants have been performed worldwide with an 85% survival rate. Routine face transplantation is limited due to the need to take immunosuppressive drugs with which serious complications are associated, up to and including death.
Surgical treatment of severe frostbite and its alternative
The significant risk of permanent impairment in frostbite, such as the loss of fingers, challenges doctors and prompts them to use all available therapeutic options to avoid or reduce disability. At the same time, doctors' average practical knowledge of frostbite is archaic and anecdotal. To date, the practice of treating third- and fourth-degree frostbite boils down to diagnosis, desmurgery and surgical treatment - amputation. It is extremely rare for patients to be referred to specialized units for reconstructive surgery. Meanwhile, techniques using stapled and free flaps often allow to reduce the level of amputation and reduce the degree of disability.