Publications

The significant risk of permanent impairment in frostbite, such as the loss of fingers, challenges doctors and prompts them to use all available therapeutic options to avoid or reduce disability. At the same time, doctors' average practical knowledge of frostbite is archaic and anecdotal. To date, the practice of treating third- and fourth-degree frostbite boils down to diagnosis, desmurgery and surgical treatment - amputation. It is extremely rare for patients to be referred to specialized units for reconstructive surgery. Meanwhile, techniques using stapled and free flaps often allow to reduce the level of amputation and reduce the degree of disability.

Breast asymmetry after oncoplastic or reconstructive surgery has an adverse aesthetic effect and psychological, significantly reducing the quality of life. The contralateral breast symmetry procedure not only makes it possible to achieve a good aesthetic effect; removing part of the parenchyma of the healthy breast reduces the risk of the appearance of an independent, metachronous cancer in it in the future, as well as finding asymptomatic cancer of low grade during histopathological examination of the preparation.

The study included 72 women who had miscarriages and were diagnosed with the latent form of toxoplasmosis in combination with with human papillomavirus (HPV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. The study found was the absence of clinical signs of infection with positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results for the presence of HPV and EBV genetic material. The latent form of HPV infection in combination with EBV infection and toxoplasmosis is more often characterized by a high levels of HPV types: 16, 31, 35, 52, 56, 58, 59 in the urogenital smear, low IgG avidity to T. gondii and a high content of ЕBV in saliva. Only 2 of the 72 women tested had spontaneous regression of HPV within a year. In order to reliably predict oncogenic risk and exclude manifest infection, long-term prospective follow-up. In order to determine the exact cause of miscarriages in women with latent toxoplasmosis combined with infection- EBV and HPV infection, it is necessary to use PCR testing from stillbirth tissues.

Tuberculosis is a relatively common disease. Its incidence has decreased in recent years due to the the introduction of anti-tuberculosis therapy, increased standards of living and awareness among the population. Primary tuberculosis of the larynx is very rare, more often appearing as a secondary disease in the course of tuberculosis of the lungs. Primary TB accounts for less than 1% of all extrapulmonary forms of the disease. The main symptoms are hoarseness, a dry, irritating cough and a weakened voice.

Kidney cancer accounts for about 3% of all malignant tumors. It mainly affects patients 60-70 years old, more often men than women. The mainstay of treatment is nephrectomy, and renal artery embolization is used as palliative therapy. Combined treatment uses immunotherapy and modern targeted therapy.

An abnormally implanted placenta previa is one of the leading causes of hemorrhage in the perinatal period, posing a threat to the life of the mother and fetus.

Malignant melanoma of the skin usually has a dramatic course and the prognosis is usually not successful. For this reason, the case of a patient with a 55-year survival after being diagnosed with the said cancer cancer is a relatively unusual event. In an attempt to explain this case, we used a comet assay on the patient's peripheral lymphocytes in between surgical procedures, with γ-ray irradiation of the cells at a dose of 2Gy, compared to two other melanoma patients and four healthy subjects. In both of these comparative melanoma patients, we found increased relative to healthy subjects healthy individuals baseline DNA damage combined with reduced damage repair capacity. The patient, described in this paper, admittedly showed greater radiation damage to genetic material than control patients and healthy subjects, but the kinetics of DNA break repair DNA after a 180-minute incubation was significantly higher in him. Consistent with the hypothesis of a relationship between polymorphisms of cytochrome P-450 genes, encoding detoxification enzymes, with susceptibility to melanoma, we genotyped CYP2D6 (*3,*4), CYP2C9 (*2, *3), CYP2C19 (*2) using the TaqMan technique, showing that with the exception of CYP2C9*2, all other genotyped loci were heterozygous.

Perforation of the gallbladder during cholecystectomy resulting in bile leakage and gallstones is a fairly common complication, occurring in about 20% of cases. However, serious complications develop in only about 0.2% of patients. Remaining gallstones gallstones can manifest as intra-abdominal abscesses, intra-abdominal abscesses, fistulas and other, rarer complications

Diagnosis of disorders of the bone tissue, thanks to the availability of modern imaging methods, standardizes therapeutic management. The key element in the treatment of a patient diagnosed with a solitary bone cyst{index{solitary bone cyst} is to fill the defect in the structure with possible restoration of its function. The treatment of choice is autogenous or allogeneic bone grafting with the consequences and risks discussed later in the aticle.

Appendiceal carcinomas are malignant tumors - mostly diagnosed incidentally in patients undergoing appendectomy for other reasons, and due to their small size, preoperative diagnosis is mostly impossible. Carcinomas can cause acute appendicitis due to obstruction of the appendiceal lumen.

We present the case of a 32-year-old female patient admitted to the Third Department of General Surgery in Krakow for thyroidectomy due to papillary thyroid carcinoma. The patient underwent a total thyroidectomy with removal of the lymph nodes of the central compartment of the neck without any intraoperative complications. On the first day after surgery, 300 ml of milky fluid was observed in the right drain. Due to persistent lymphadenopathy, oral feeding was stopped and total parenteral nutrition was started. Drainage volumes observed on subsequent days varied between 580 and 50 ml with a decreasing trend. The drains were removed on the 13th postoperative day with no sign of lymphothorax.

Gastrointestinal tuberculosis was common in the period before the introduction of effective anti-tuberculosis treatment. It occurred in 1/4 of patients with advanced pulmonary tuberculosis. It is now rare in developed countries. In the gastrointestinal tract, intestinal tuberculosis manifests as infiltrates and ulcerations in the intestinal wall, most often in the cecum region. Among the symptoms of intestinal tuberculosis are severe abdominal pain, bloating, constipation, fever, diarrhea, painful stool pushing, pain on defecation. In some cases, there may be obstruction of the gastrointestinal tract due to inflammatory tuberculous tumor.