Publications

Anemia is a very common disease. The most common symptoms, such as weakness, headaches, dizziness, impaired concentration and pallor, are nonspecific. The most common causes of anemia in pregnant women are deficiencies of iron, folic acid and vitamin B12. Anemia can be a complication of other diseases such as kidney failure or hyperparathyroidism.

Adherent placenta (placenta accreta) is the result of pathological implantation of the trophoblast deep into the temporum. This condition is rare in obstetrics, but no less dangerous to the health and life of the parturient. Risk factors for innate placenta are: previous uterine surgery, placenta previa, maternal age over 35, endometrial damage, submucosal myomas. The pathogenesis is unknown, and the diagnostic and treatment management remains an important clinical problem.

Appendiceal carcinomas are malignant tumors - mostly diagnosed incidentally in patients undergoing appendectomy for other reasons, and due to their small size, preoperative diagnosis is mostly impossible. Carcinomas can cause acute appendicitis due to obstruction of the appendiceal lumen.

Investigation of disputed paternity using molecular techniques is now increasingly used by the justice system. Unfortunately, it is common to find that some laboratories use poor practices - the most common being the omission of testing the mother's genetic profile.

We present the case of a 32-year-old female patient admitted to the Third Department of General Surgery in Krakow for thyroidectomy due to papillary thyroid carcinoma. The patient underwent a total thyroidectomy with removal of the lymph nodes of the central compartment of the neck without any intraoperative complications. On the first day after surgery, 300 ml of milky fluid was observed in the right drain. Due to persistent lymphadenopathy, oral feeding was stopped and total parenteral nutrition was started. Drainage volumes observed on subsequent days varied between 580 and 50 ml with a decreasing trend. The drains were removed on the 13th postoperative day with no sign of lymphothorax.

Development and progress are associated with hard, usually teamwork. They rarely occur as a result of individual efforts of the mind, and even more rarely as a result of chance. Since the dawn of human history, there have been events that could not be explained at the time. We cannot explain them today either. They concerned phenomena in nature. Most often, however, inexplicable events occur in people's lives.

The paper discusses the legal, medical, organizational and social issues related to the establishment of disputed paternity. It also discusses the history and outlines the future development of this application of genetic. Special emphasis was placed on ethical issues.

We present the case of a 37-year-old woman who was brought to the Neurology Clinic of the Medical University with symptoms of narcolepsy. The final diagnosis was made on the basis of cytological examination of the cerebrospinal fluid based on immunohistochemistry. After a 3-month stay in the clinic, the patient died. The previously made cytological diagnosis was confirmed by autopsy and histopathological examination.

Iatrogenic foreign bodies in a patient are usually materials or instruments used during medical procedures, left in body cavities or internal organs. Leaving such iatrogenic foreign bodies can happen during virtually any procedure and in any medical specialty. Most often such cases occur in surgery during abdominal operations. But they can also happen in gynecology, ENT, neurosurgery and even dentistry (such as leaving a fragment of a broken drill in the root canal of a tooth). Such cases pose numerous problems for clinicians, but also for forensic medics. The goal of clinicians is to diagnose the existence of a foreign body in the patient's body and remove it as soon as possible. Forensic medics, when ordered by the Court or the Prosecutor's Office, evaluate the correctness of the medical procedure (the possibility of a medical error) and establish causal relationships between the doctors' actions and the patient's health damage. The case of a young woman is presented, in whom an iatrogenic foreign body was revealed in the abdominal cavity after a cesarean section procedure after 8 months. The purpose of forensic medical analyses was, among other things, to determine the route and time of entry of this foreign body to the site where it was found.

Hamartoma -- a very rare lesion that is a splintering of mature cells of the organogenesis period, abnormally juxtaposed, and in this case displaced within the vulva.

Uterine myomas (myomata uteri) are benign tumors, the most common. They account for about 15% of all tumors of a woman's reproductive organs. Histologically, they are tumors composed of connective tissue elements and smooth muscle fibers (fibromata, myomata, fibromyomata). The present case is special because of the rare type of giant myoma of the uterus.

In terms of the incidence of malignant neoplasms in Poland, gastric cancer is ranked 5th in men and 9th in women. Poland is one of the countries with an average incidence rate, however, nearly 90\% of cases are diagnosed at an advanced stage, which is due, among other things, to the uncharacteristic symptomatology resembling other stomach conditions - peptic ulcer disease or gastritis. In Poland, early gastric cancer is diagnosed in only 4.5-7% of cases. The 5-year survival rate for all stages is about 10-25\%, with a survival rate of nearly 90\% in early cancer. Among the malignancies found in the stomach, 95\% are adenocarcinomas - adenocarcinomas, while the remaining 5% are lymphomas, sarcomas, carcinomas and stromal tumors.